For Faculty

Journal Articles

• A photocopy of a journal article may be placed on reserve once (per course). Subsequent and repeated use requires copyright approval, available through the Copyright Clearance Center. Such approval must accompany the article.
• Journal articles available through our database subscriptions cannot be placed on reserve. Instead, faculty should direct students to the appropriate URL.
• Multiple journal articles may be put together as a coursepack through the bookstore. Coursepacks will not be placed on reserve.

Video Recordings

• Any legally produced video or DVD may be placed on reserve, whether owned by the library or not.
• Illegal, bootleg, and off-air recordings will not be placed on reserve.
• It is a violation of US copyright law  for the Library to digitize DVDs or other published AV material.
• It may not be possible for the Library to provide streaming videos. See the Film/Audiovisual Policies page fore more details. The Library prioritizes acquiring DVDs for course use.

Commercially Available Video Recordings
In compliance with US Copyright Law, library videos and DVDs may be used by faculty or students in the classroom for any course. However, this material may not be used for lectures/programs outside the classroom. Such use constitutes a public performance, even if the event is free and/or accompanied by lecture or discussion. Faculty who would like to secure public performance rights for library material should email library@lakeforest.edu. For more information, please consult Section 110(1) of the US Copyright Law.

Off-Air Video Recordings
US Copyright Law provides that off-air (privately made) recordings of television programs may be shown in class, by the instructor, within ten consecutive school days of the broadcast date. Any copyright notice should be included on the recording. A copy may be retained by the faculty member for an additional 45 days, during which s/he should seek copyright clearance. After this time, all copies should be erased or destroyed. If the television program is commercially available, a purchase request should be submitted via e-mail.

Sound Recordings & Scores

• Any legally produced sound recording may be placed on library reserve.
• Any legally produced score may be placed on library reserve.

Musical Recordings
Only commercially available recordings may be placed on reserve. U.S. Copyright Law states that, For academic purposes other than performance . . . excerpts . . . may be made, provided that the excerpts do not comprise a . . . performable unit such as a section, movement, or aria, but in no case, more than 10 percent of the whole work. This stricture means that most non-commercial compilations of songs, artists, etc. are at odds with copyright law and cannot be placed on reserve.

As an alternative to regular reserve, the College has access to courseware technology that can allow for the streaming of music through password protected sites. However, copyright permissions will need to be obtained to use this technology. For more information, please contact Information Technology Services.

Non-Musical Recordings
Non-musical sound recordings may not be copied unless all these criteria are met:

• The library currently has or had the item in the library’s collection;
• The library’s copy is lost, damaged, deteriorating, stolen, or its current format is obsolete;
• A replacement recording from a commercial source cannot be obtained at a fair price.

Recording brief excerpts is considered fair use.

Library Policy: Visual Images

• Visual images may be placed on reserve in conjunction with a permissible use item. An example would be a book or an article about works of art or an artist that includes visual images as part of the text.
• In all other cases, visual images, including non-commercial slides, may not be put on course reserve.

As an alternative to regular reserve, the College has access to courseware technology that makes the use of visual images available online through password protected sites. For more information, please contact Information Technology Services.

Image Archives 

If the image you wish to digitize is readily available online or for sale or license at a fair price, you may point to, purchase, or license the image. Do not digitize it unless you are in the process of negotiating a license. If the image is not readily available, digitize and use the image in accordance with the following limitations: Limit access to all images except small, low resolution “thumbnails” to students enrolled in the class and administrative staff as needed. Terminate access at the end of the class term. Students may download, transmit and print out images for personal study and for use in the preparation of academic course assignments and other requirements for degrees, may publicly display images in works prepared for course assignments etc., and may keep works containing images in their portfolios.

Incorporating Others’ Works 

The CONFU Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Multimedia suggest that fair use requires that copies of multimedia work that includes the works of others should be strictly controlled, and that fair use “expires” after two years. Students, faculty, and staff may create unique works by incorporating others’ works into a multimedia work and display and perform a multimedia work in connection with or creation of: class assignments, curriculum materials, remote instruction, examinations, student portfolios, and professional symposia. Such unique works may not be distributed by producing multiple copies and handing them out. The Guidelines recommend being conservative: use only small amounts of others’ works.